Fig. 3

Challenges for global animal tuberculosis eradication. A In many low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), culling as a means of disease control is unacceptable for economic or religious reasons. B The role of domestic animals other than cattle in infection maintenance is unknown and often neglected, both in LMIC and in industrialized countries. C Many countries lack sufficient knowledge on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex maintenance community. This gap hinders improvements in tuberculosis control by targeting the whole host community. D Close interactions between host categories evidence the need to address all relevant hosts at the same time for successful tuberculosis control