Fig. 1

Classical Degradative Autophagy [18]. The depicted schematic elucidates the pivotal role of the Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) complex in orchestrating a spectrum of upstream signals, culminating in the initiation of an autophagic cascade. This process involves the synthesis of ATG5-ATG12 and ATG8 (LC3 II), which, under the catalytic influence of ATG7, coalesce to assemble autophagosomes. Concurrently, cellular constituents exert their influence via a dualistic engagement mechanism: a direct liaison with the LC3 protein and an indirect association mediated by the p62 receptor