Fig. 3

Serum biochemical parameter concentrations on the calving date and the day of ketosis onset according to ketosis classification. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation values. Error bars represent the standard deviation. The blue and red dots represent the values on the calving date and on the day of ketosis onset, respectively. Note: Onset signifies the day on which the β-hydroxybutyrate concentration is the highest (in the NK group) or the day of ketosis onset (in the SCK and CK groups). Abbreviations: NK, non-ketosis group; SCK, subclinical ketosis group; CK, clinical ketosis group. ^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001; ^#p < 0.017; ^##p < 0.003; ^###p < 0.0003